USA FlagMake Moon a State

A State of the Moon

The opportunity, framework, and vision for lunar statehood

By Stephen M. Walker II8/23/2025

We used to dream of living on the Moon. We landed, explored, and forgot how to return.

It's time to boldly dream again. It's time to return the Moon.

On the Moon we will advance the economy, scientific progress, and space exploration.

If we intend to live there, we must be represented there. The Moon must become a state of the Union, constitutional, democratic, and openly administered. Then unified as the Moon State of America.

Present law is poorly embraced, permits many activities, and blocks one core thing: territorial expansion. You cannot claim lunar land as sovereign territory. You can govern registered habitats and crews, hold elections inside them, own what you extract, and coordinate safety zones to prevent harmful interference while welcoming inspection. We demand a charter for the people. And then, by the consent of nations and settlers, a full constitution for the whole Moon.

The future our forefathers never imagined is a commonwealth under Earthlight.

Autonomous, highspeed freeway arcs between cities. A robot workforce augmenting skilled human laborers. Municipal bonds building electromagnetic launch rails. Courts trying crimes on the rim of Shackleton. Schools in pressure domes. When the children of Earth look up to the stars, the Moon will is a beacon of liberty and exceptionalism for all mankind.

And a civic holiday on the day the first child is born under one-sixth gravity.

American civics extended.

We have the ambition, capital, and technology.

It's time to rewrite the rules and change the game.

The Opportunity

The Moon's surface area is about 14.7 million sq miles (roughly the Americas combined) and its gravity is 16.5% of Earth's, with a mean radius of 1,079 mi and diameter of 2,158 mi.123

Because almost all resources needed for life support and industry must come from local ice, regolith, and sunlight, practical settlement starts at the poles where water-ice and near-continuous light coexist. Only a few thousand square kilometers meet both criteria today, yet those locations can support tens of thousands of people once industrial infrastructure and heavy automation mature.

Early outposts of tens, then hundreds, of crew in the 2030s grow to multi-purpose towns of 10,000+ by mid-century, staffed by fleets of autonomous excavators and haulers at ratios of 5-20 robots per human. A polar colony provides exportable fuels, helium-3, and manufacturing feedstocks while offering radio-quiet far-side astronomy and a low-gravity shipyard for deep-space exploration — capabilities impossible from Earth.

Conservative financial models show lunar commodities and logistics slicing launch costs and creating new revenue streams within a space economy projected to top $1 trillion this decade.

Investment Areas

OpportunityDetailsFinancials
Transportation savingsOxygen extracted from regolith and ice cuts cargo mass for lunar ascent stages by ~70% and lowers Earth-to-surface cost once Starship-class tankers refuel in lunar orbit<$455/lb to lunar surface4
Energy exportsHelium-3 content (≈ 20 ppb) could yield significant annual output once strip-mining reaches scale, supporting fusion-pilot-plant demand16.5–22.0 short tons/year, $1 billion/ton potential5
TourismSector analyses project strong lunar-tour revenue by 2035, helped by reusable landers and surface hotels$2.5-5 billion/year by 2035
Space ManufacturingRegolith 3-D printing and sintering enable large mirrors, fiber-optic cables, and metal foamsUp to 60% capex savings for some optics manufacturing
Interplanetary HubLunar staging point for Earth-Moon-Mars transport network, with in-situ fuel production$50-100 billion market by 2035, $500+ billion cumulative by 2050 (SpaceX Mars colony logistics)
Scientific InfrastructureRadio-quiet far-side astronomy enables next-generation radio telescopes and SETI research$10-25 billion in NASA/ESA contracts by 2040, $100+ billion cumulative through international partnerships
Moon SegmentA diversified lunar economy (transport, power, construction, tourism, resources) will grow rapidly$170 billion cumulative (to 2040), $2 trillion global space market by 2040 (Moon fastest-growing segment)

High-latitude "peaks of extended sunlight" on crater rims receive illumination up to 90% of the lunar year, while adjacent permanently shadowed craters trap billions of tons of ice. The combined contiguous area with both light and ice is under 1,160 sq mi today, about the size of Los Angeles.6

These sites, primarly around Shackleton and nearby craters, offer daytime temperatures near -58° F instead of the ±216° F swings common at mid-latitudes. Over decades, in-situ construction — sintered-regolith berms, buried habitats, basalts melted into shielding blocks — can open mid-latitude mare plains, eventually allowing habitation of at least 5% of the surface (~734,000 sq mi).789

Radiation and micrometeoroid hazards of the remainder require 6.6-9.8 ft of regolith shielding or underground placement.10

Top Roles and Salaries

Life-support, mining, and power dominate head-count because they underwrite survival and export revenue. Science retains a large share as it drives innovation, patents, and prestige. Community, governance, and services stay lean, buttressed by automation and low-gravity logistics that simplify goods movement.

A settlement staffed along these lines can grow predictably. Each new tranche of miners and habitat engineers unlocks resources and pressurized volume for the next wave of residents, while the service sectors scale just enough to keep morale high and operations safe.

Pilot Outpost, Years 0-10

Every person wears multiple hats. A life-support engineer may double as EVA technician. Scientists rotate through rover maintenance shifts. Nearly all surface tasks rely on 200 semi-autonomous robots tele-operated from the habitat.

Industrial Village, Years 10-25

Permanent mining and power divisions emerge. Dedicated construction crews expand lava-tube interiors while agricultural techs ramp closed-loop food output. Population growth is paced by how fast ISRU delivers water, oxygen, and building mass.

City-State, Years 25-50

The economy diversifies. Heavy industry and research draw talent from Earth, while education, retail, and cultural roles appear once families stay long-term. Robots rise to ~13 per human, covering routine inspection, hauling, and exterior repairs so people focus on higher-order design, science, and governance.

Salary RankRoleTotal Lunar Comp (2025 USD / yr)Approx. Head-count @ 30k Settlement
1AI Systems Engineer$900k300
2ISRU Mining Engineer$600k800
3Trauma / Flight Surgeon$600k40
4Power Plant Chief$590k20
5Mission Operations Director$575k10
6Habitat Systems Engineer$540k500
7Robotics Operations Engineer$505k60
8EVA & Surface Technician$480k1200
9Logistics / Lander Turnaround Chief$450k40
10Planetary Geologist$419k100

Phase I — The Democratic Settlement Protocol

Replace pieties and loopholes with law. Amend the Outer Space Treaty and harden the Artemis Accords into enforceable rules that create Lunar Governance Zones (LGZs) around permanent settlements and give the United States a clean, inspectable mandate to govern where its citizens actually live.

ArticleRulePractical Effect
I. SupremacyGovern within designated LGZs and prevails over conflicting older provisions there by consent of the PartiesSettlement law applies where people live
II. DesignationAn international commission publicly maps LGZs around permanent bases, terms and renewal are on the recordVisible lines, visible duties, and no secret fiefdoms
III. Exclusive AdministrationUS exercises legislative and judicial power inside its LGZ over persons, installations, and operationsAuthority subject to inspection
IV. Eminent DomainUS may condemn and integrate rights-of-way, easements, and fixtures for public use with just compensationBuild power, water, and transit on public need
V. Open VisitationManaged, reciprocal access for other Parties' representatives, safety and notice are mandatoryEngineer transparency and trust
VI. Due Regard 2.0Safety zones are proportionate, notice-based, and temporary — unique science sites receive heightened protectionDeconfliction without de facto borders
VII. Resource RuleExtracted resources belong to the extractor under governing law, planetary-protection data are sharedBehave responsibly, invest boldly
VIII. Review & RemedyBi-annual performance review — abuse triggers curatorship, compliance earns renewal or expansionPower on probation

Phase I is the ramp to legitimacy: rules, courts, elections, and public works.

Settlers gain rights and services.

Rivals gain predictable access and inspections.

The habit of Moon government takes root.

Phase II — The Sovereign Lunar State Treaty (SLST)

Having proven democratic administration in LGZs, we finish the arc.

The Parties agree, openly, by signature, to constitute the entire lunar surface and subsoil as a single US state, with permanent guarantees for access, inspection, and science. No ambiguity, no vacuum, no "first come, first carve."

Competing nations are barred from planting paper sovereignties or carving rival zones.

The Moon becomes one jurisdiction, one constitution, one electorate.

ArticleRulePractical Effect
I. ConstitutionalizationThe Moon State of America is admitted with boundaries coextensive with the lunar surface and subsoilLegal limbo ends — one flag, one set of courts
II. Lunar SupersessionNon-appropriation is replaced with consent-based framework, peaceful-purposes and WMD ban endureSovereignty by consent, stability by design
III. Non-Recognition & No-New-ClaimsParties reject any claim or "zone" that purports to create separate territorial rights on the MoonNo "first come, first carve"
IV. Freedom of Access & Innocent PassageLanding, traverse, and overflight remain open under safety rules scheduled by the Moon StateScience and commerce flow under public law
V. Eminent Domain & Just CompensationThe Moon State manages fixtures and rights-of-way with prompt compensation, private installations retain statusBuild the grid, pay the bill, keep trust
VI. Environmental & Heritage CharterHistoric sites (Apollo, Luna, Chang'e) and fragile volatiles are protected, planetary-protection protocols applyStewardship as a constitutional duty
VII. Inspection & Auditor-GeneralInternational Lunar Inspectorate with scheduled access, public audit reports, binding corrective plansDon't trust, verify
VIII. Dispute SettlementTechnical disputes: lunar tribunal. State-to-state disputes: expedited arbitration with compliance bonds.Arguments end in courts
IX. TransitionLGZs convert into counties, safety-zone procedures become municipal ordinances, licenses roll into state lawContinuity without chaos
X. Denial‑of‑BenefitsNon‑SLST claims to insurance, launch, spectrum, traffic, or exports are denied to actorsEnforcement through gates and premiums

This is annexation by consent and inspection, not by fiat.

It prevents competing nations from planting paper sovereignties or erecting "facts on the ground." It makes the first permanent city off-world an open republic.

Others keep access. The Moon keeps a constitution.

From Vote to Voice

When America moves first, humanity moves forward. Louisiana doubled with a signature. Texas joined as a state by resolution. California vaulted to statehood inside two years.

The transcontinental railroad spanned a continent in seven. A President set a goal in 1961 and Americans walked the Moon in eight. The same country can constitutionalize a city under Earthlight and seat its senators faster than critics can invent excuses.

Leave a vacuum, and no other nation will marry open elections with engineering at scale. Fill it, and again humanity witnesses what American exceptionalism will build.

PhaseLegal ActTarget
1. FoundationDemocratic Settlement Protocol ratified, first U.S. LGZ at the south polar plateau, organic act enactedYear 0–1
2. BuildEminent-domain grid plan, first public-works contracts, and lunar bond authorityYear 1–3
3. BelongNon-Terrestrial Statehood Amendment ratified, civil rights and election law in forceYear 2–4
4. AdmitCongress seats the Moon State of America on equal footingYear 4–6
5. UnifySLST enters into force, LGZ counties unify the surface, non-recognition closes rival pathsYear 6–8

Precedents for speed — Texas annexed and admitted in 1845, California admitted 1850, the 26th Amendment ratified in about 100 days, the transcontinental railroad 1862–1869, Apollo 1961–1969 — prove that when America decides, the calendar obeys.

Free government is not a spectator sport and the window is closing. Authoritarian systems will not wait for our slow committees. If the first serious settlement is built in the image of a single party, the rest of the century will be spent unlearning it. We have a proven kit for liberty at scale: clear legislation, courts upholding law, and elections that fire the inept.

A Call to Action

Sign. Share. Demand.

Talk to your friends online. Invite them to your house. Talk to your family.

Let the idea — Moon is a state — become something we all expect.

Tell your representatives to introduce the Democratic Settlement Protocol now and send the Non-Terrestrial Statehood Amendment to the states.

Insist on drafting and adopting the Sovereign Lunar State Treaty that makes the entire Moon the Moon State of America — with access for all, elections for residents, and inspections for trust. This is the American way to expand humanity: bold, lawful, fast.


A weekday morning, a third-grade classroom, a map with more than continents and oceans on it. Students recite the states — Alabama to Wyoming — and, without a pause, the Moon.

Shape the future.


  1. 38 million km² (surface area)
  2. 1,737 km (mean radius)
  3. 3,474 km (diameter)
  4. <$1,000/kg (to lunar surface)
  5. 15–20 t/year (metric tonnes per year)
  6. 3,000 km² (combined area with light and ice)
  7. -50° C (approximate daytime temperature at sites)
  8. ±120° C (temperature swing at mid-latitudes)
  9. ~1.9 million km² (5% of lunar surface)
  10. 2–3 m (regolith shielding thickness)
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